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Knee Arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy is an advanced surgical technique used to diagnose and treat problems within the knee joint using a small fiber-optic instrument called an arthroscope. Unlike traditional open surgeries, arthroscopy requires only small incisions, allowing the surgeon to view and access the inside of the joint with minimal disruption to surrounding tissues.
During the procedure, a high-definition camera is inserted into the knee joint, transmitting clear visuals to a monitor. This helps the surgeon assess the cartilage, ligaments, menisci, and other joint structures in real-time. Depending on the findings, various corrective procedures—such as ligament repair, cartilage trimming, or joint debridement—can be performed simultaneously.
Knee arthroscopy is often preferred for its lower complication rate, reduced postoperative pain, and quicker recovery time compared to open joint surgeries.
Who Needs Knee Arthroscopy?
Knee arthroscopy is commonly recommended in the following situations:
1. Chronic Knee Pain
Patients experiencing long-standing knee pain that does not respond to medications or physiotherapy may benefit from arthroscopy. It allows for a precise diagnosis and immediate treatment of underlying issues such as ligament damage or cartilage wear.
2. Swelling and Inflammation
If a patient has persistent swelling or inflammation in the knee joint despite conservative treatments, arthroscopy helps identify the root cause—such as loose fragments, inflamed synovium, or torn meniscus—and provides targeted relief.
3. Joint Instability
A knee that feels unstable or “gives way” during routine movements may have internal damage. Arthroscopy allows for direct visualization and treatment of structural issues causing the instability, such as ligament tears.
4. Meniscus and Ligament Injuries (ACL/PCL)
Tears in the meniscus or ligaments like the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) or Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) are commonly addressed using arthroscopy. The procedure allows for minimally invasive repair or reconstruction of these essential joint stabilizers.
5. Cartilage Damage and Early Osteoarthritis
Patients with cartilage injuries or early-stage osteoarthritis can benefit from arthroscopic procedures such as cartilage smoothing, microfracture treatment, or joint lavage to reduce pain and improve joint movement.
Benefits of Knee Arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy offers several advantages over traditional surgical approaches:
- Minimally Invasive: Small incisions lead to less tissue damage, reduced pain, and faster healing.
- Faster Recovery: Most patients return to daily activities and work much sooner than after open surgery.
- Accurate Diagnosis: The arthroscope offers a detailed and magnified view of internal joint structures for precise treatment.
- Versatile Treatment Options: From ligament repairs to cartilage cleaning, various procedures can be completed in a single session.
- Outpatient Surgery: In most cases, patients are discharged the same day and can begin physiotherapy within a few days.
Recovery After Knee Arthroscopy
- Most patients can bear weight and walk with assistance within 1–2 days.
- Swelling and discomfort are managed with medications and cold compresses.
- Physical therapy begins early to regain strength, flexibility, and motion.
Full recovery generally takes 4–6 weeks, depending on the type of procedure performed.
Conclusion
Knee arthroscopy is a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in modern orthopedics. It allows for clear visualization, targeted treatment, and faster recovery—making it ideal for many patients suffering from unresolved knee problems.
If you’re experiencing persistent knee pain, swelling, or instability, consult Dr. Naresh Agarwal, leading Orthopedic Surgeon in Delhi, to explore whether knee arthroscopy is the right option for you.